The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) (Washington, D.C., USA) awarded $7.5 million to engineering researchers from the University of Michigan (U-M) (Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA) to study the effects of various stresses on advanced nuclear reactors. This research is part of an effort to accelerate the licensing of advanced nuclear reactors, ensure that communities are respected during reactor sitting, and limit corrosion in nuclear reactors.
From that $7.5 million award, the DOE’s Integrated Research Projects program has provided $3 million to a U-M led project that aims to speed up the advanced nuclear reactor licensing process by building a tool that gives companies the data needed for design approval. Such data is valuable as companies need to show that reactor parts can survive radiation and other stresses, as well as satisfy Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements for extensive data on how new reactors will operate over a 20-year period.
The main issue is that test reactors are slow and expensive — and these days, not very available. As an alternative, the U-M team will shoot atomic nuclei at the material, a technique known as ion irradiation, to create a predictive tool that advanced reactor companies can use to show how well their core materials can withstand decades’ worth of radiation damage.
“Ion irradiation is not only faster, in terms of days vs. years, and cheaper — thousands vs. millions of dollars — it also does not require special handling or disposal issues, and advances in ion irradiation and simulation and modeling have established the technique as a viable substitution for reactor irradiation,” says Gary Was, professor emeritus of nuclear engineering and radiological scientist at U-M, who leads the project.
In addition, four projects are funded with $1 million each by the Nuclear Energy University Partnerships Program (NEUP):
- A tool for engaging communities on the clean energy transition. Nuclear energy has been stymied in part due to public opinion in the areas around potential plant sites, but it is a critical part of the transition to a zero-emissions grid. Aditi Verma, assistant professor of nuclear engineering and radiological sciences with the U-M Fastest Path to Zero Initiative, will lead a survey of communities in New Mexico exploring views on clean energy, nuclear energy, and a just energy transition. They’ll use their findings to build a tool that assesses public sentiment and helps match technology developers with communities.
- Real-time impurity detection. Sodium-cooled fast reactors have meltdown-proof designs and could run on spent fuel from our current fleet of water-cooled reactors. However, impurities like oxygen and hydrogen can get into the sodium coolant and cause problems like corrosion and blockages. Milos Burger, assistant research scientist in nuclear engineering and radiological sciences, leads a team that will develop better sensors to monitor impurities in sodium-cooled fast reactors. In addition to being more sensitive than current sensors, they will be able to identify the type of impurity, which can help reveal the source of the contamination.
- Determining how radiation degrades reactor components. Stresses in nuclear reactors — including radiation, pressure, and heat — can change the shape of components. A team led by Kevin Field, associate professor of nuclear engineering and radiological sciences, will develop a quick and cost-effective method to test materials under different cyclic stresses and varying heat conditions during ion irradiations. They will use a rig that can vary the stretching a material experiences throughout an ion beam experiment. They’ll start with two alloys used in advanced reactor designs.
- Ultrasonic imaging to assess reactor parts. Some next-gen nuclear reactor parts are 3D printed to reduce manufacturing time and costs, but defects like little holes where the layers didn’t stick together could cause parts to fail if they are used. A team led by Serife Tol, assistant professor of mechanical engineering, will develop advanced ultrasonic imaging to look for such defects so that these parts can be approved.
Finally, a project that will help nuclear scientists and technologists prepare for the quantum revolution is funded with an additional $500,000 from NEUP. Algorithms that work on current computers won’t work on quantum computers. While others are already at work on how to simulate fluids with quantum computers, neutrons — the particles responsible for triggering fission in nuclear reactors — need attention. A team led by Brian Kiedrowski, associate professor of nuclear engineering and radiological sciences, will begin to encode the behaviors of neutrons in a way that quantum computers can understand.
Source: Michigan News, https://news.umich.edu.